R20 - Local news in the East End

Me and my group looked at this article together about 3 young girls (shown in the picture) campaigning for female rights globally. This issue is very important as this year celebrities such as Beyonce, Miley Cyrus, Lorde, Emma Watson and more have come out naming themselves as 'feminists'. So with influence like that this story sparks an interests to those not only passionate about the campaign but who also follow in the celebrities footsteps. 

This story would suggestively appeal to young people - especially girls - as the graffiti in the background is a form of art to young girls and boys. Especially in the East End which is where this story is held. Graffiti is usually seen negatively by people because it associates with 'hoodlums' and 'trouble-makers', but the use of it here in this article with this inspiring story shows that it isn't just vandalism but more of a symbol of the youth. 

The news value used here is proximity and human interest. The story was mentioned in the 'East End Life' which is a local newspaper in East London. This is more likely to gain interest in local girls as the younger generation have limited knowledge on what goes on around the world. Because the event is nearby there are open opportunities for people to get involved. 

The topic of this story which is about girls and women being subjected to their rights is sensitive as it may affect people in the local area so this shows the news value of human interest. 

From this i have learnt to get my target audience interested in my stories i have to consider these news values as being a young person myself I found this particular article interesting and worthy to read because of the topic, proximity and the people involved which are mainly young.  

R19 - How to edit sound using Audacity (VIDEO)

This video is a tutorial on how to edit sound on audacity. From watching this i have learnt how to edit my work with simple techniques which just needs a basic understanding of. I've learned how to import my files and how to make certain audio sound better by cutting out excess or unnecessary sound. This is simply done by highlighting a section of sound i want to remove and just pressing the 'cut' button. There are other features such as copy, fade in/out, echo which are useful features because it will make my work sound more advanced. Audacity can be really beneficial to use as it will make my work sound professional and the standards of it will be very good

R18 - News Values

Impact

The importance of a news story - whether a story will impact the greatest number of people, The more recent a story is it is more newsworthy

Prominence

This includes well-know individuals or institutions that are newsworthy. Knowledge of these people may come from the power of the person or what the institution possess. For example, the president, the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Or from a celebrity. An example of this would be the late Princess Diana or fashion designer Gianni Versace.

Proximity

Close by events, all other things being equal, are more important than distant ones - News which is relevant to the target audience because an event has occurred in their region

The Bizarre

Unusual or unexpected news which gains more attention. Often thing that happens less often are funny to read. For example, McDonald's opening a branch inside a church.

Conflict

 Opposition of people or forces resulting in a dramatic effect. It can be over institutions and individuals. Stories with conflict are often quite newsworthy.

Currency

Stories that have been in the public eye for some time already are deemed valuable. For example, a story about an abduction and murder of a child may run for weeks and weeks, even if nothing new happens.

 

 Human Interest

Those stories that have more of an entertainment factor versus any of the above - not that some of the other news values cannot have an entertainment value.

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From this research I've learnt that to make my stories newsworthy I have to consider these factors or at least 1 or 2 of them to make it interesting to my target audience.

R17 - East London Radio

 

"East London Radio is a non for profit radio station, that gives people the pathway into radio through training and mentoring."


Local radio East London Radio is based in East London founded

by bezzies Aaron McCarter and Ian Chambers. This particular radio station is mainly aimed at young people, graduates and the unemployed in the surrounding areas of Hackney, Waltham Forest, Tower Hamlets and Newham. This radio has been described as 'most diverse', 'covering an area of 3.3 million people'. This is definitely more different than usual, typical radio stations because East London Radio physically works with people and help others gain experience through radio. 

 

The radio usually airs from midnight to 11pm. It includes shows to do with performing arts, local news, educational news etc.

 

>http://eastlondonradio.org.uk/<

R16 - Pirate Radio

WHAT IS A PIRATE RADIO?

A pirate radio is an illegal or unregulated radio transmission for entertainment or political purposes. There are hundreds of these radio stations broadcasting illegally in the UK. They usually specialise in playing music not heard on other radio stations but even so, they are still breaking the law.

THE PROBLEMS...

Although to some people they find that there is no harm in this the participation of it is still a criminal and anti-social activity which causes problems for legal broadcasters. From the OFCOM site, broadcasters cause these particular problems:

- Cause interference to the broadcasts of legal radio stations depriving them of audience and the public of the ability to listen to the station of their choice.
- Steal frequencies and space on the radio spectrum and their use of poor transmitting equipment makes interference an inevitable consequence of their activities.
- Unauthorised use of premises as transmitter sites leads to criminal damage and theft - a burden carried by the owners or residents of the premises used.
- Pay no business, council, VAT or income taxes and therefore take from, rather than contribute to, the communities they claim to serve.
- They disrupt the vital communications of the safety of life services, particularly air traffic control.

chart shows the outcome of the Agency's prosecutions up to 2002



"The Agency has learnt that a licensed broadcasting station is running a competition to recruit DJ’s from pirate radio stations.The economic value of the UK radio industry is worth £20 billion at 2000 prices. The Agency is responsible for ensuring that this vital national asset is not threatened by misuse of the radio spectrum. The greatest threat comes from unlicensed broadcasters who operate with total disregard for authorised radio users. Recruitment of staff from pirate radio stations may require pirate broadcasters to provide information that is effectively evidence of their committing a criminal offence of unlicensed broadcasting. The penalties for that criminal offence are:

- an unlimited fine and/or two years in prison, plus
- anyone convicted of an offence is barred from working on a legal station for 5 years" 

This is a warning from the "RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS AGENCY" to broadcasters who are looking to hire DJs from pirate radios. As shown, the penalties from even this are tough. This goes to show how seriously pirate radios are taken

  

~~http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/ra/topics/enforcement/pirate.htm~~

R15 - Public interview about radio and news (AUDIO)

Here I've interviewed both my male and female target audiences about the radio and news. From this I've found out that most of the audience members listen to the radio but for entertainment purposes. For example, Football and music. But it is not regular listening. I've also found out that other aspects of the news are practically non-existent to my audience. Reasons for it could be because it doesn't really interest young people even if it may involve and effect them. Crime is one of the topics which is slightly popular because it does affect everyone and it is something that unfortunately happens everyday. 

R14 - Student Research (VIDEO)

I've asked 3 pupils aged 15 and 16 all sharing their own opinion and views what type of news they watch, how they watch it and what interests them. Surprisingly, there were similar views. I've found out from my research that the particular news that interests young people are more to do with entertainment. And because of having easy access to the Internet it is more preferred to catch up on the news via smart phone or computer than anything else, like TV or radio. I've also found out that radio is not popular with young people as the news on the radio is not of particular interest and unlike Mail Online for example, people cannot choose what they'd like to hear. However, most people aged 15+ would listen to the radio for music but only occasionally.

R13 - Defamation

So what is defamation?
Defamation is the intentional false communication that affects a person, business, product, group, government, religion, or a nation's (community) reputation. There is spoken defamation (slander) and defamation in media such as prints and images (libel).  In most situations, defamation can come across as discrimination so it is treated as a crime.


Defamation Act 2013 - http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2012-13/defamation.html

The BBC Academy of journalism states that "The law of defamation allows individuals, companies or firms (‘claimants’) to sue for damage to their reputation caused by material that is published and which makes defamatory comments about them".

Defamation can be done by publication. Such as:
-Newspaper - this would be libel
-Websites - libel
-Radio - slander

There have been changes to the defence of defamation. For example, if a person's intention was to tell the truth, express honest opinions and publication for public interests. 


EXAMPLE OF DEFAMATION

Earlier this year actress Scarlett Johansson sued French writer Grégoire Delacourt for using her as a model for the author's protagonist in the book La Première Chose Qu'on Regarde (The First Thing You Look At), which had sold over 100,000 copies and translated into several languages. The actress claimed the book, "fraudulently exploited her name, her image and her celebrity" and that it was, "an attack on her private life" as the fictional character in the book was seen as a sex object and had two affairs which the actress did not have. This created a lot of fuss for the actress because of the belief that people who will read the book will believe that the fictional character's background relates to her. Her argument however was throw out by the court as Ms Johansson has already spoken out about her private life in interviews.

The author quoted, "I wrote a work of fiction. My character is not Scarlett Johansson". So no defamatory work was intentional though that was thought otherwise by the actress.

R12 - Guidelines for journalists

A good, even better journalist

-It is crucial to observe good professional practice when using the work of others. The source must be mentioned when the information has been published by another party.

-A journalist is primarily responsible to the readers, listeners and viewers. They have the right to know what is happening in society

-The journalist has the right to conceal the identity of any person who has provided confidential information. The editorial office must respect this principle.

-Information sources must be approached critically. This is particularly important in controversial issues, since the source of the information may be pursuing personal gain or to damage others.

-In interviews, the interviewee must always be told whether the conversation is intended for publication or will be used exclusively as background material

-Incorrect information must be corrected immediately

-If it is not possible to simultaneously hear the views of the parties involved, it may be necessary to give the party which has received the very negative publicity the opportunity to be heard afterwards. If this is not done, good journalistic practice calls for the publication of the comment of the party criticised.

-Highly delicate matters in one's personal life may only be published with the consent of the person in question, or if such matters are of considerable public interest. Protection of privacy must also be considered when using photographic materials.

-The identity of a victim of a highly sensitive crime must be protected unless the matter is of considerable public interest.

-Differentiate between fact and opinion.

-Avoids plagiarism

-Produce no material likely to lead to hatred or discrimination on the grounds of a person’s age, gender, race, colour, creed, legal status, disability, marital status, or sexual orientation.


http://ethicnet.uta.fi/finland/guidelines_for_journalists
http://www.nuj.org.uk/about/nuj-code/

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These codes are important in journalism because they consider the safety of people and respects views and opinions. Without, for example, the code to not use incorrect information or false sources may cause controversy affecting the position of the journalist and safety.

In law matters it is especially important to consider the codes. Many criminal cases are affected because of the influence of media. For example, in some cases a defendant on trial is judged by the jurors straight away because of the news coverage and the description of the defendant. This often creates an unfair judgement.

When conducting a good interview the journalist should respect the person they are interviewing and stick to the matter of the topic/subject. Disrespecting the interviewee and mentioning personal subjects can give the journalist a bad name and reputation.